The importance of SMEs in any economy cannot be overlooked as they form a major chunk in the economic activity of nations. India has nearly three million SMEs, which account for almost 50 per cent of industrial output. However, SMEs which form the backbone of industrial development in India are...

We provide the first firm-level evidence of the impact of the trade in producer services (`offshoring') on the labour market. Using a new data set from the UK that measures trade in services at the firm level, we find no evidence that importing intermediate services is associated with job losses...

In this paper we develop two simple discrete-time Ramsey models augmented with migrant workers to assess the impact of migration on per-capita domestic consumption. In one model we assume perfect substitutability between migrants and natives while in a second model we explore the effect of...

Technological spillovers from foreign direct investment and their determinants and impacts in a host country¡¦s growth process are some of the most widely debated issues in development economics. The proponents of endogenous growth theory and evolutionary economics contend strongly that...

Previous empirical literature has looked at the effect of trade on capital and labor tax rates or the effect of labor flow on the labor tax rate. However, the theoretical literature suggests that both trade and factor flows can affect capital and labor tax rates simultaneously. This paper...

This study analyzes the dynamic effect of FDI on local firms’ productivity by relaxing the standard implicit assumption that technological spillovers are immediate and permanent. We find that the entry of majority foreign owned firms has a short run negative effect on the productivity of...

Assuming linear demand and unit transportation cost, Head and Ries (2003, 'Heterogeneity and the FDI versus export decision of Japanese manufacturers', Journal of the Japanese and International Economies) conclude that the theoretical prediction of Helpman et al. (2004, 'Export versus FDI with...

In the increasingly knowledge-based global economy, a well-educated and highly-skilled labour force and a significant degree of openness to international trade are vital for countries to successfully meet the challenge of worldwide competition. This paper

Is Europe becoming the world’s leading knowledge-based economic area of the world, as European leaders planned at their Lisbon meeting in 2000? In this article, we analyze the Lisbon performance of the countries of the European Union from a long-term, structural perspective. We examine...

The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) approach has become popular, especially in the field of renewable energy. We argue that when assessing levelized cost of energy, different rates should be used for borrowing and discount rates. We further argue that the risk-free rate should be used for...