In Albers & Albers (Spring, 2013) we demonstrated that the historic development of U.S. real GNP, 1869-present, may be structured in recurring 14-year periods. A steady-state rate of growth of 3.4969% is thereby calculated, generating an increase in real GNP proportional to the famous “Golden...

In Part One of this paper we use the harmonic analogy of a musical octave to analyze mathematic ratios of U.S. real GNP. These ratios are generated by bringing together figures for U.S. real GNP over intervals of time – “spreads of years” – as numerator and denominator in a single...

The context of this discussion is Mandaville’s paper with the caption “Usurious Piety: The Cash Waqf Controversy in the Ottoman Empire” published in International Journal of Middle East Studies, August 1979, No. 10, pp. 289-308.). It gave an impression that the cash waqf meant practicing...

At this moment, both in our country and in the European Union, rural tourism and ecotourism are among the most dynamic forms of tourism, a result of the advantages which it offers bouth tourists and host communities. Rural areas are rich in ecological and rural diversity. For a long time in...

In sum, in these essays I explore the self-similarity between levels, the fractal structure of reality, through an investigation of an inherent and unavoidable uncertainty which is unique to each level. These essays will demonstrate that as each level struggles to resolve its own inherent...

The study was conducted in district Mansehra during2007 to investigate the gender-based participation in major economic activities. Primary data was obtained through questionnaire using a sample of size one hundred and sixty allocating to eleven villages of the research area on the basis of...

This paper not only recommends means whereby principal-agent problems could be addressed, but also considers various ways in which the external auditor and audit committees contribute as corporate governance tools. The impact of bank regulations on risk taking and the need for a consideration of...

This volume – Predicting Crisis: Five Essays on the Mathematic Prediction of Economic and Social Crises – is the first of three sets of essays. In this first set the economic and social history of the United States is shown to be a “system of movement,” i.e. a logical and mathematic...

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical background of formation of green business development financial mechanism. The term «financial mechanism of establishment and development of green business» is defined. Its elements and levels of realization are disclosed.

God has created men and women as the companions of each other with the segregated attributes, which makes them different from each other. Cross dresser an unusual being of the society that has been born by the man’s interests towards being like a woman. Prominence of Cross dressers has been...