Although an extensive literature shows that startups are financially constrained and that constraints vary by geography, the source of these constraints is still relatively unknown. We explore intermediary financing constraints, a channel studied in the banking literature, but only implicitly...

Entrepreneurs often struggle to find sufficient funding for their start-ups. A relatively new way for companies to attract capital is via an internet platform, locating investors who in return receive something in return for their ventures. Equity crowdfunding is one of several types of...

Crowdfunding platforms have exhibited explosive growth over the past decade. In this paper, we map out what we know about crowdfunding, and chart directions for future work. We argue the crowdfunding literature simultaneously experiences the ‘problem of riches' and the ‘dearth of evidence'....

This paper first presents the development of the crowdinvesting market in Europe since its start in 2007. Then, using hand-collected data on the complete set of crowdinvesting campaigns run in Germany, the paper shows that successful campaigns tend to be launched by new startups and when the...

Do higher proportions of (a) informed investors and (b) high-quality projects increase the number of good projects that are ultimately financed via crowdfunding? A simple model and simulation reveals the answers to both questions to be: "not necessarily".

It is well documented that firms led by females do not obtain capital investment at the same rate as males. Part of the reason behind this funding gap is gender-based differences in access to investors. In this study, I evaluate the effects of the 2012 legislation that legalized accredited...

Dieses Policy Paper zeigt die Entwicklung von Gründungen und Start-ups in Deutschland auf und stellt nach einem Blick auf die internationalen Venture-Capital-Märkte den Zukunftsfonds vor, mit dem die Bundesre-gierung die Start-up-Finanzierung auf eine neue Grundlage stellen möchte. Während...

This note describes a new database on innovative start-ups and companies, called Crunchbase, with a focus on its potential for economic and managerial research. Crunchbase is rapidly being discovered by scholars from different fields. It has notably already informed studies on specific sectors...

Both equity and non-equity crowdfunding has proven to be a productive method of capital formation for start-ups. The equity crowdfunding provisions of The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS” Act) offer perhaps the most promising development to facilitate capital formation by...

The U.S. entrepreneurial finance market has changed dramatically over the last two decades. Entrepreneurs raising their first round of venture capital retain 30% more equity in their firm and are more likely to control their board of directors. Late-stage startups are raising larger amounts of...