This study aims, first, at identifying data protection shortcomings in the inter-agency cooperation regime in the EU criminal justice and law enforcement area and, second, at outlining, under six possible scenarios, the interplay among the data protection legal instruments in the law-making...

Seamless air commuting between the EU and the USA appears to constitute nowadays a much sought-after but nevertheless still elusive cause. The level of co operation between the two parties has had, and is still having, its best and worst days. The protection of individual privacy continues to...

Saudi Arabia grants nationality to an AI robot; the first “clash of robots” took place in Japan; and, Bill Gates suggests that robots start paying taxes. We believe that these developments justify new legal fiction interventions. Software has long now exceeded the intellectual property...

Museums are, in most cases, publicly-owned holders of vast amounts of information that are, by definition, open to everyone. Location restrictions, however, usually limit public access. The Internet could change this: once museums digitise their collections and upload them onto their Internet...

The die is cast. At the time of drafting this paper the so-called Brexit, the exit of the UK from the EU, seems like a certainty after the poll results of 23 June 2016. Within such historic, indeed seismic, developments data protection seems but a minor issue, a footnote to a world-changing...

The objective of this report is focus on the challenges of implementing an effective EU privacy seal and its possible scope. It returns the focus to privacy and data protection, and presents further groundwork to feed into Task 4 of the Study (Proposals and evaluation of options for an EU-wide...

This report examines some of the key EU level options and approaches that might be useful to consider and that fit the mandate set by the General Data Protection Reform on privacy seals, whilst at the same time are able to reconcile existing privacy certification initiatives and address the gaps...

This report identifies and analyses key EU certification schemes in select sectors such as: network and information security, general product compliance, the environment, financial auditing and accounting, entertainment, the food industry and the telecommunications sectors and analyses them...

The objective of this report is to comprehensively inventory and analyse privacy and related certification schemes in the European Union and, where relevant, at the international level. The report will provide insights into the importance of privacy seal schemes and present information on the...

This in-depth analysis was commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee. One cannot talk of a proper data protection regime in China, at least not as it is perceived in the EU. The international...