probably the most important one: suppliers to a downstream sellers’ cartel. The paper shows graphically and analytically that … cartel suppliers are negatively affected by the conspiracy depending on three effects: a direct quantity, a price and a cost … recent case law and the forthcoming Damages Directive, allows for approving cartel supplier damage claims. We argue that this …

breakdown of a German cement cartel. We find that, first, after the breakdown of the cartel cartel members reduce net prices to … a far larger extent than gross prices and that, second, noncartel members slip under the price umbrella of the cartel to …

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the current cartel fine levels of the European Union and the United … results show that on average these cartel overcharges are significantly larger than the criminal fines of either the European …

collusive agreement put in place by a cartel in the "Lunch Coupon" market, also in Italy, that was uncovered and convicted by …

This paper studies the effects of leniency programs on the behavior of firms participating in illegal cartel agreements … several different markets. In our model, they form a cartel in one market only. This asymmetry results in additional costs in … case of disclosure of the cartel, which are caused by an asymmetric reduction of the sales in other markets due to a …

obtain that cartel occurrence is less likely if the rules of the leniency programs are more strict and the procedure of … confidential and penalties and rate of law enforcement are low, leniency may increase duration of cartel agreements. Surprisingly …

Traditional economic theory of collusion assumed that cartels are inherently unstable, and yet some manage to operate … for years or even decades. While the literature has presented several determinants of cartel stability, the vast majority …, the communication and internal structures within the cartels as well as their breakup. Our results indicate that cartel …

years. Standard analysis of cartel conduct, as well as enforcement policy, is rooted in the presumption that each cartel in … which a given firm participates is a singular activity, independent of other cartel conduct by the firm. We argue that this …