Corporate law in advanced domestic legal systems on the one hand, and typical treaties for the protection of foreign investment on the other hand, treat claims for damages by company shareholders differently. Advanced domestic systems generally bar shareholders from claiming for reflective loss...

Mit der öffentlichen Debatte um die Transatlantische Handels- und Investitionspartnerschaft (TTIP) ist der Investorenschutz auf der politischen Agenda weit nach oben gerückt. Strittig ist vor allem, ob solche Abkommen tatsächlich nötig sind, um das Vertrauen multinationaler Unternehmen in...

WTO rules for safeguards have helped individual WTO Members to discipline domestic protectionist interests and to advance a generally liberal trade policy stance. This constructive use of safeguards and other trade remedies has been more effectively supported by the parts of the rules that deal...

Non-state actors are increasingly engaged in authoritative decision-making over standards. As a result, frameworks for governing international economic transactions are increasingly being maintained by the private sector, both with and without government cooperation. Typically, these privately...

This paper constitutes a tour d'horizon relating to institutional transparency in the WTO decision and judicial making. The paper critically reviews the most topical challenges for the internal and external transparency of the international organization regulating global trade and puts forward...

The growing stock of foreign investments by sovereign wealth funds and state-owned enterprises poses regulatory challenges to the international investment regime. With arbitrators seemingly keen on expanding the jurisdictional scope of investment treaty arbitration to cover a wide range of...

Without transparency, trade agreements are just words on paper. Transparency as disclosure allows economic actors and trading partners to see how rules are implanted; transparency in decision-making ensures fairness and peer review. In the first section of this paper, I discuss the logic of...

International investment law creates an international level of review for (illegal) national regulations and laws and the conduct of administrative entities for foreign investors. It is state liability law for foreign investors. In the municipal legal orders, the law of available remedies...

International Election Monitoring has become ever more important in the national as well as the international context. Plenty of (regional) International Organizations (and NGOs) send Election Observers Missions (EOMs) to countries in order to assess the quality of their democratic process and...

International investment agreements (IIAs) almost universally define their temporal validity and thus set conditions for States' exit from these treaties.This study presents the results of the survey of language that determines the temporal validity of 2,061 bilateral investment agreements that...