This report is structured in three chapters. The first chapter examines the channels through which institutional investors can access green infrastructure, assesses the extent to which this is currently happening, and identifies the barriers to scaling up these investment flows. The second...

This study is aiming to present (and to a certain extent analyse) the provisions of Articles 24-30 of Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 “on markets in financial instruments (…)” (‘MiFID II') – including the relevant provisions of the...

We derive a diffusive stochastic differential equation that describes the dynamics of the venture capital (VC) industry and use it to study two related issues that are concerned with the evolution of the venture capital and the high technology sectors over time. First, the short-term cyclical...

This report discusses key issues around the mobilization of private capital for development. Investment requirements are huge, especially for infrastructure, climate and other SDG-related investments. External finance for developing countries stagnated in the years before the pandemic, followed...

This paper studies the impacts of the infrastructure project on economic development in Kazakhstan. We first overview the macroeconomic situation and the development of public-private partnerships in Kazakhstan. In the empirical part of this research, we use the "difference-in-difference" (DiD)...

This paper studies the optimal structure of procurement contracts between public and private sectors by mainly comparing two typical procurement types: traditional procurement and public-private partnership (PPP). We first set up a principal-agent model focusing on bundling effects of...

This paper discusses two high-profile public-private partnership projects in Tajikistan - the Dushanbe-Chanak motor toll road and Pamir Energy hydropower projects. An impact evaluation exercise was conducted for the Dushanbe-Chanak road using difference-in-difference estimates. The impact of the...