It is extremely difficult to regulate what you cannot see or define – however the task is made less arduous when traceability is facilitated. In this digital age, techniques and expertise are pivotal to regulators in their bid to address challenges presented by virtual currencies. As well as...

Amongst several initiatives aimed at contributing to current and present literature on the topic of sustainable development, this presentation aims to highlight why anticipated and expected success was not generated as expected in previous protocols, conferences and climate conventions such as...

Even though it has recently been highlighted that the timeline for recovery from the ongoing pandemic is highly uncertain and “will depend heavily on the course of the pandemic”, consumer confidence and expectations, also impact the level of consumer spending and the role of providing...

This paper explores the progress made by the Financial Stability Board thus far in respect of regulating Securities Financing Transactions (SFTs) – as well as regulating the shadow banking industry. In this sense its consolidatory – as well as supportive function to the Basel Committee on...

According to the Basel Committee's “Revised Pillar 3 disclosure requirements”,•The provision of meaningful information about common key risk metrics to market participants is a fundamental tenet of a sound banking system. It reduces information asymmetry and helps promote comparability of...

As well as considering recent developments and observations which have resulted from the review of the Sveriges Riksbank's monetary policy, particularly between 2010 and 2015 – in addition to the consideration of important recommendations which were put forward following the Review, and...

Vlieghe (2018:7) refers to the “'exchange rate effects” of inflation and in this sense, a distinction is made between inflation which is attributed to a rise in prices, namely import prices – when the rate of exchange makes it more expensive for products to be imported – with the...

Reforms on capital standards, namely the introduction of important liquidity standards such as the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR), along with leverage ratios… standard, supplementary and enhanced supplementary leverage ratios comprise some of the macro...