Our study analyzes the relationship between public disclosure of group structures in Exhibit 21 and international tax avoidance of U.S. multinational firms. Several U.S. multinational enterprises have removed a substantial number of foreign subsidiaries from their Exhibit 21 since 2010. Our...

In a sample of large private Spanish subsidiaries, we find that the magnitude of discretionary accruals is significantly higher when the parent company is foreign than when it is local. Our tests support the thesis of recent research on earnings management strategies within multinational...

One of the most critical decisions top management in corporate groups has to make is the allocation of resources among competing investment opportunities across the group. Information asymmetry between the parent and subsidiaries, however, creates agency conflicts that complicate such...

International and U.S. accounting and auditing standard setters have focused considerable attention and rule making around group audits and in particular the reporting quality of subsidiary entities. We examine how membership in a consolidated group and the related group audit affects the...

We use data multinational firms provide to the Internal Revenue Service regarding their foreign subsidiary locations to explore whether some firms fail to publicly disclose subsidiaries in some countries, even when the subsidiaries are significant and should be disclosed per Security and...

We study how foreign ownership relates to financial performance in a sample of large privately held Spanish subsidiaries. We find that, although foreign group subsidiaries report higher sales turnover than subsidiaries of local groups, they lose their sales advantage at the operating income...

In a large sample of private Spanish subsidiaries, we observe a significantly greater incidence of modified audit reports in foreign than in local group subsidiaries. Results are consistent with foreign group subsidiaries having lower incentives to avoid receiving modified audit opinions (MAOs)...

Over the last decade, an increasing percentage of the profits reported by U.S. corporations were earned by their foreign subsidiaries and retained outside the United States resulting in the deferral of income taxes. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 provided a temporary federal tax...

Using U.S.-based multinational firm data gathered over more than two decades, we examine factors associated with the location of decision-rights within these firms, whether the inappropriate assignment of decision-rights is associated with poor firm performance, and whether these firms relocate...

U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) need to allocate decision rights between parent companies and subsidiaries to manage global operations. This paper examines how the allocation of decision rights affects foreign earnings management of MNCs. I find that the extent of foreign earnings...