Divergent models for investment dispute settlement risk producing legal fragmentation. States should consider a Multilateral Institution for Dispute Settlement on Investment (MIDSI) permitting dispute settlement "à la carte". Within MIDSI, a Multilateral Investment Court could settle...

This paper discusses the ways in which WTO law regulates (and doesn't regulate) agreements between WTO Members that permit the parties to the agreement to adopt WTO-inconsistent measures (‘WTO-minus'). As part of the Uruguay Round Agreements, Members have agreed to prohibit bilateral...

The crisis over appointments to the Appellate Body risks dismantling the WTO's compulsory dispute settlement system. This paper argues that solutions to the crisis that seek to overcome the opposition of the United States and reinstate the system through majority rule are legally fragile and...

As part of the renegotiation of its Free Trade Agreement with the United States, South Korea has agreed to cut by 30% it steel exports to the US. In NAFTA negotiations, it is reported that Mexico has also agreed to a quota on auto exports, after which Mexican autos would be subject to...