The purpose of this paper is neither to present a balance sheet of the pros and cons of the UN and its agencies nor to evaluate their overall performance. Instead, it will ask three fundamental questions about the UN: first, what exactly was the original, core, mission of the UN, and why was it...

Russian Abstract: Целью данной статьи является анализ результатов финансово-экономической деятельности частных акционерно-паевых предприятий в условиях перестройки...

Emerging technologies have consistently assumed a significant part in armed conflict. From the crossbow to nanotechnologies, innovation that could be weaponized to make a benefit over an enemy has unavoidably tracked down its direction into military stockpiles for use in outfitted struggle. The...

In the present essay, we develop at first a model of choice by actors to show how a society can take decisions on specific issues according to how flexible or rigid it is in new ideas and trends. Then, by utilizing game theory we explain how the Athenian society abandoned war in favour of a...

This essay reviews Escape from Rome by Walter Scheidel. It examines the argument that Europe's persistent fragmentation following the collapse of the Rome empire is responsible for the origins of the modern world. First, I consider Scheidel's argument that the rise of Rome at the end of the...

How did religious freedom emerge? I address this question by building on the framework of Johnson and Koyama’s Persecution & Toleration: The Long Road to Religious Freedom (2019). First, I establish that premodern societies, reliant on identity rules, were incapable of liberalism and religious...

This chapter evaluates the concept of legal capacity and how it is employed in research in historical political economy. I discuss its relationship to the wider literature on state capacity, research on the rule of law, and the literature on legal origins. I go on to outline how the concept of...

During the 1840s, twelve American states adopted new constitutions. Eleven of the twelve states adopted new procedures for issuing government debt and for chartering corporations through general incorporation acts. These institutional innovations were American inventions, and today hard budget...

The basis of the economic implications in the Sacred Tradition of the Ortodox Church consist in the socio-economic realities that confronted the Church from the very beginning, besides the endeavours made by the Holy Fathers to give responses, both subjective (through written works, rules, etc.)...

The modern self is said to live a life of performance. This raises the question of how the differences and contradictions in the lives people lived were managed in former times. I focus on the distinction between public and private roles. Textual evidence suggests that widespread disagreement...