Explores the evolution of the current regime involving foreign direct investment, bilateral investment treaties and investment treaty arbitration, and considers why a harmonised multilateral investment agreement has never been adopted. Reflects on past attempts to harmonise the customary foreign...

After a critical account of the development of international investment arbitration (ITA) and ensuing rules of international investment law (IIL), this article examines the emerging design of IIL as a distinct substantive regime on the international plane. This is followed by an analysis of the...

This article intends to provide a comparative analysis of the UNCITRAL Convention on Independent Guarantees and Standby Letter of Credit and the relevant laws of three jurisdictions, i.e. UK, USA and Pakistan with a view to explain their similarities and differences. The objectives are indeed...

This study presents the first ever comprehensive analysis of Pakistani foreign investment treaty regime, which consists of 47 BITs as of 15 June, 2012. This study provides a provision by provision comparison of all 47 Pakistani BITs. The objective is to identify similarities and differences in...

Increasing dissatisfaction with investor-State dispute settlement has weakened the adversarial approach to international investment law and policy. This article argues that global initiatives, such as the UNCTAD's Global Action Menu for Investment Facilitation (the “Action Menu”), provide...

Increasing dissatisfaction with investor-State dispute settlement has weakened the adversarial approach to international investment law and policy. This article argues that global initiatives, such as the UNCTAD's Global Action Menu for Investment Facilitation (the ‘Action Menu'), provides...

There is growing support behind an international framework to facilitate investment for sustainable development. This policy brief suggests that the G20 consider adopting guiding principles on investment facilitation for sustainable development, to help ensure that these efforts result in an...

The Al-Kharafi award brings to light a previously unexploited investment treaty, the Unified Agreement for the Investment of Arab Capital in the Arab States (UAIACAS) (entered into force on 7 September 1981). All 22 members of the League of Arab States are parties to the UAIACAS, and have...

This new book is the first to focus on the interaction between international investment law and other systems of international law. It takes a giant step towards determining a hierarchy of conflicting treaty norms, and establishing a legitimacy threshold for the investor-State arbitral...

Discusses the European Union (EU) Parliament's resolutions on EU-India Free Trade Agreement (FTA) highlighting the dispute on Kashmir between India and Pakistan. Highlights the role of political conditionality in the EU foreign trade policy, and its strength to require respect for universal...