period of revision, as countries seek to redress the mismatch between their new, “oversized” TRIPS-style patent systems and …In the 1990s developing countries implemented new patent regimes to comply with their international obligations under … the TRIPS Agreement. In general, the new TRIPS-style regimes adopted in most countries, which offer private rights of …

landmark Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS), but also including more recent free trade … discusses how patent-like rights (such as "data exclusivity") prevent lower-cost generic medicines from entering into the …

Intellectual Property (TRIPS) resulted in significant steps toward harmonization. However, most of the harmonization efforts … implemented to date have focused on procedural matters, such as international patent application procedures, and the duration of … patents. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) conducted negotiations toward substantive harmonization under the …

The requirement that a country sign up to the complete package of World Trade Organization ('WTO') agreements in order … Rights ('TRIPS') allow developing countries to determine their own national health policies and access essential … pharmaceuticals. While political attention currently focuses on compulsory licensing under TRIPS, this article examines the article 27 …