national incentives for patent protection? What is the rationale for international coordination over patent policies? Given … support the major arguments for and against the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS …)? Finally, can the structure of TRIPS—both in terms of the core obligations it imposes on the WTO members and the flexibilities …

Under Articles 31 and 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, WTO members may validly sanction the use of a patented invention … without the patent owner's authorization by issuing a compulsory license (CL). In the pharmaceuticals space, governments have … before patent expiry, increasing the supply and reducing the price of patented pharmaceuticals domestically. This paper …

background, it examines the viability under the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the TRIPS … Agreement) of an exception allowing for the manufacture and export of patent-protected products. It concludes that such an … consistent with Article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement if read in accordance with the principles of interpretation of customary …

The major bone of contention between the developed and developing countries in the TRIPS negotiations was patents for … TRIPS Agreement ordained patents for inventions "in all fields of technology". While the genie was out of the bottle in the … health. However, there was uncertainty with respect to the interpretation of TRIPS agreement, scope of the flexibilities and …

extreme urgency" within the meaning of Article 31(b) of the TRIPS Agreement. Some legislations, such as European competition …

five factors describe the phenomena largely responsible for the current mass extinction event, and patent law offers … valuable assistance in combating each one. Though it cannot offer a complete solution to the biodiversity crisis, the patent … system can offer powerful tools to help save biodiversity. On first inspection, patent law might appear an unlikely ally for …