We empirically analyze the effect of UN and US economic sanctions on life expectancy and its gender gap in target countries. Our sample covers 98 less developed and newly industrialized countries over the period 1977–2012. We employ a matching approach to account for the endogeneity of...

This study addresses whether North Korea-China trade dilutes the effectiveness of the unilateral sanctions imposed by South Korea and Japan, and if so, to what extent and in what way. The structural adjustment of North Korea's export pattern in size and trade type dilutes the effectiveness of...

Quite wrong to consolidate the phenomenon of sanctions to the concept of fines or penalties because their scale were not clear at the beginning of the introduction, it is not clear now, although the assessment of the damage to the Russian economy measured huge volumes, but the scale is not...