This paper analyzes United States v. Arthrex, in which the Supreme Court found PTAB judges (sometimes dubbed as the “patent death squad”) unconstitutionally appointed in violation of the Appointments Clause, along with its broader political and congressional impact ex ante. In particular,...

Contemporary intellectual property law applications illustrate a very dynamic and rapidly evolving conceptual environment. The proverbial conflict has been between the protection of intellectual creation and the general freedom to create de novo, including expressions of one’s intellect that...

The NCAA maintains a balance between amateurism and the increasing need for generating revenue. In this balancing act, there are various policy considerations and legal constraints. These legal and policy entanglements bore such class action suits as Keller v. Electronic Arts, National...

This article is part of a broader research stream investigating policy and regulatory frameworks impacting International Prospective Student-Athletes (IPSAs) and their transition to the U.S. combining education and athletics. Elsewhere analyzed are the problems faced by IPSAs in particular...

This paper summarises a research stream dealing with the US system of amateur intercollegiate sport and its relation to International Prospective Student-Athletes (IPSAs). Crucial differences exist between the US ‘clear demarcation’ of commercial pro sport and amateurism as applied by...

This research examined all 430 amateurism student-athlete reinstatement (SAR) cases between 2004 and 2006. This paper reports on the trends in the SAR staff decision making process, including the benchmark results of cases on the basis of the bylaw violated by the athlete and the mitigating...

"Pro football, the game for the ear and the eye…This sport is more than a spectacle, it is a game for all seasons…X's and O's on the blackboard are translated into imagination on the field". This 13 seconds of digitally-altered audio, incorporated by National Football League Films, Inc. into...