This paper shows that as the educational composition in the fifty-five to sixty-four year-old age bracket improved between the mid-1990s and the mid-2010s, the effective retirement age rose rapidly in the Central and Eastern European region. This increase was fast enough to keep life...

Modellszámításaink alapján megállapítható, hogy a mezőgazdasági üzemek szerkezetváltozása, az üzemszelekció a csatlakozás utáni első évben sem fejeződött be, sőt előrejelzéseink alapján a következő egy-két évben további 3 ezer árutermelő mezőgazdasági...

This paper shows that as the educational composition in the fifty-five to sixty-four year-old age bracket improved between the mid-1990s and the mid-2010s, the effective retirement age rose rapidly in the Central and Eastern European region. This increase was fast enough to keep life...

Various polls reveal that Europeans, even if aware of the looming pension crisis, generally resist pension reforms. In this research report, we show that resistance may be general but it is not uniform. People may oppose reforms but they reject different components of the reform proposals...

What are the net inter-age resource transfer burdens over the life course of working-age parents as compared to working-age non-parents in Europe? We estimate all cash, in-kind, and time transfers of the market economy and the household economy, through both public and familial channels, for...

In line with previous research, we confirm that welfare programs in Hungary are poorly targeted in terms of socio-economic status (SES). However, by adding age to our models, we demonstrate that even if the status is irrelevant in explaining access to social benefits and services, age is not....

Households and social policies both serve as vehicles of lifecycle financing through intergenerational transfers, with working-age people as net contributors and children and the elderly as beneficiaries. However, there is a marked socialization asymmetry. Working-age people pay taxes and social...

Life expectancies are rapidly increasing and uncertain in all countries in Europe. To keep pension systems affordable, policy reforms are to be implemented which will encourage individuals to work longer and that adjust pension systems such that if life expectancy increases without adjustments...

Families and policies both are main vehicles of intergenerational transfers. Working-age people are net contributors; children and older persons net beneficiaries. However, there is an asymmetry in socialization. Working-age people pay taxes and social security contributions to institutionalize...

European societies transfer more per capita resources to children than to the elderly, once we go beyond mere public transfer data and also take into account intra-household private transfers by families. Mostly, these are resources parents spend on buying goods and services for their children,...