In this study, we link records of fir rm performance, forecasts of analysts, and the returns after earnings announcements to fi rm-specifi c measures of heat exposure for 4,400 fi rms in 57 countries from 1995 to 2017. We fi nd that increasing exposure to extremely high temperatures reduces...

We study private shareholder engagements with 2,465 publicly listed firms from 2007 to 2020 about environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. We examine to what extent private engagements address financially material ESG issues and contribute to firm performance. We find that around 75%...