of patent-owners - discourages invention. Our analysis exploits new historical data on German patents to examine the …

This paper examines intellectual property litigation as a method of protection from patent-infringing imports. Claims … against patent-infringing imports entering the United States may be filed before the International Trade Commission (ITC) or …

In our days, German machine tool makers accuse their Chinese competitors of violating patent rights and illegally … American technology. To understand the dynamics of this catching-up process we use patent statistics to analyze firms … this strategy by stipulating a patent law that discriminated against foreign patent holders and probably also by delaying …

Compulsory licensing allows governments to license patented inventions without the consent of patent owners. Intended …