Background: It is often assumed that the objective of health care is to maximise health using available resources. This is the principle underpinning NICE's use of cost effectiveness analysis based on incremental cost per QALY gained. Yet research on local NHS decision making shows that cost per...

The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of the full set of possible means by which value based pricing (VBP) might be operationalised; to describe and categorise them by developing a taxonomy of approaches; to give an initial assessment of the challenges, pros and cons that each of the...

The NHS Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) programme is a significant development in the routine collection and use of patient reported outcome data. Introduced in April 2009, it entails the routine collection of patient reported outcomes from all patients undergoing four elective...