In 2018, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) announced the first sector-wide emission reduction target for international shipping: to limit emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008. The roadmap to achieve this goal is the Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions...

The Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the first global market mechanism in international environmental law. It has been much lauded for its success. However, doubts whether the CDM governance structure is robust enough to meet the challenges of regulating an international...

This chapter analyses the Chinese climate governance landscape that has emerged over the past decade, and focuses on the role of local governments. The central argument is that climate governance in China is predominantly top-down and highly bureaucratic in nature. Local initiatives to address...

As a key actor behind the emerging global biofuels market, the European Union has introduced environmental regulations governing biofuels. This article analyses the biofuels ‘meta-standard’ certification scheme which creates a transnational governance regime involving a regional bloc,...

This paper examines the European Union (EU) biofuels and bioliquids sustainability scheme. It argues that the ‘meta-standard’ approach adopted in the EU sustainability scheme is an innovative addition to the EU’s environmental governance toolkit. From a global governance perspective, the...

This article explores both the competition and the environmental aspects of the electricity sector in Hong Kong, and a possible linkage between them. There has been considerable public pressure to liberalize the electricity sector in Hong Kong due to longstanding discontent with the persistently...

This case comment critically analyses the trust law aspects of B2C2 Ltd v Quoine Pte Ltd [2019] SGHC(I) 3; [2019] 4 SLR 17; Quoine Pte Ltd v B2C2 Ltd [2020] SGCA(I) 2; and Ruscoe v Cryptopia Ltd (in liq) [2020] NZHC 728. In particular, the process by which the three courts studied the questions of...

In Quoine Pte Ltd v B2C2 Ltd [2020] SGCA(I) 2, the Singapore Court of Appeal had the opportunity to set out how the traditional contract law doctrine of unilateral mistake would apply to disputes in which the contracting process has been automated, in the context of a number of cryptocurrency...

In AA v Persons Unknown & Ors, Re Bitcoin [2019] EWHC 3556 (Comm), Bryan J offered the first reasoned judgment for deciding that bitcoins were property under English law for the purposes of an interim proprietary injunction, following similar, less fully reasoned, decisions in Vorotyntseva v...