The Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the first global market mechanism in international environmental law. It has been much lauded for its success. However, doubts whether the CDM governance structure is robust enough to meet the challenges of regulating an international...

This article explores both the competition and the environmental aspects of the electricity sector in Hong Kong, and a possible linkage between them. There has been considerable public pressure to liberalize the electricity sector in Hong Kong due to longstanding discontent with the persistently...

This chapter analyses the Chinese climate governance landscape that has emerged over the past decade, and focuses on the role of local governments. The central argument is that climate governance in China is predominantly top-down and highly bureaucratic in nature. Local initiatives to address...

As a key actor behind the emerging global biofuels market, the European Union has introduced environmental regulations governing biofuels. This article analyses the biofuels ‘meta-standard’ certification scheme which creates a transnational governance regime involving a regional bloc,...

In 2018, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) announced the first sector-wide emission reduction target for international shipping: to limit emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008. The roadmap to achieve this goal is the Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions...

This paper examines the European Union (EU) biofuels and bioliquids sustainability scheme. It argues that the ‘meta-standard’ approach adopted in the EU sustainability scheme is an innovative addition to the EU’s environmental governance toolkit. From a global governance perspective, the...

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin have matured from being associated exclusively with techies and radicals to being considered by central banks as a technology to implement digital money. Cryptocurrencies exist only in digital form and can be transferred completely between digital addresses. This is...

In PST Energy Shipping LLC v OW Bunker Malta Ltd [2016] UKSC 23, [2016] 2 WLR 1193 (“The Res Cogitans”), the Supreme Court held that a contract under which a supplier agreed to deliver bunker fuel (through some other upstream supplier who retained title to the bunkers) to a shipowner was not...

The East Asian cryptocurrency market has burgeoned in the past few years, especially in Japan, China, and South Korea. This means that more and more people are involved in dealings over this novel form of ‘economic value'. But, what exactly are people selling and buying? Traditionally, things...

In 1999, both Hong Kong and Singapore brought into force legislation that permitted a supermajority of apartment owners within a building development that met certain statutory criterion to force a minority of dissents to sell the development as a whole. Both territories did so because, as land...