To better understand liquidity traps, we explicitly model open market operations and standing facilities. With financial frictions, the model is consistent with the observed liquidity traps, and the zero nominal interest rate is the worst steady-state policy. We characterize dynamic exit...

The objective of the study is to analysis portfolio returns and the performance of asset pricing models in the context of macroeconomic variables. Portfolios have been constructed on the basis of firms' size; two equally weighted decile portfolios and two value weighed decile portfolios...

Central banks fine-tune a currency price frequently based on a set of criteria, most of which revolves around currency stability. However, some of the criteria may be to boost exports by engineering an artificial low price for a currency, that is below market expectations. Such criteria may be...

We study the interactions between the two roles of commercial banks as payment intermediaries and credit intermediaries. Deposits serve as a medium of exchange, and depositors with liquidity shocks may pay with deposits for real consumptions without withdrawing cash from the banking system....

How should monetary policy be designed when the central bank has private information about future economic conditions? When private news about shocks to future fundamentals is added to an otherwise standard new Keynesian model, social welfare deteriorates by the central bank's reaction to or...