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When comparing outcomes, such as survival, in two groups- say a focal group and a comparison group-a common question is whether an adjustment for certain baseline differences that separate these two groups actually matters for the difference in outcomes. Did the adjustment matter? If it did...
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Clustered treatment assignment occurs when individuals are grouped into clusters prior to treatment and whole clusters, not individuals, are assigned to treatment or control. In randomized trials, clustered assignments may be required because the treatment must be applied to all children in a...
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In a nonrandomized or observational study, a weak association between receipt of the treatment and an outcome may be explained not as effects caused by the treatment but rather by a small bias in the assignment of individuals to treatment or control; however, a strong association may be...
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