world economy through the pulling the barrier of trade and greater mobility of factors of production. In addition the … technological innovation also provides impetus to the progressive integration of the nations. The elements of globalization include … heterogeneity in the degree of globalization over time and across countries and regions of the World, as well as within countries …

Since 1990, 2.1 billion people in the world gained access to improved sanitation. However, 2.4 billion people still do … not use a basic toilet. We examine whether the country differences in the sanitation index existing in 1990 has been … analysis indicate that the sanitation index for 158 countries are converging toward a catch-up process as well as a reduction …

A currency's misvaluation versus an index of other currencies, termed the currency's multilateral misvaluation, depends … on the index weights. This study clarifies the idea of consistency in multilateral misvaluation and provides instructive … empirical illustrations using several currency index weighting methods. For both of the Economist's Big Mac approaches (“raw …

The Big Mac Index was introduced to (semi-humorously) test the theory of purchasing power parity and measure the … disparity in currency values. Instead, in this paper, we consider this index to find out the per capita real-income disparity …

A commodity index is designed as an equal-weighted set of four complementary tactics. The resulting portfolio takes …. Index performance is compared with long commodity indexes and commodity hedge funds. The benefits of an overlay strategy is …