in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are … regulations are the driving forces of the shadow economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption …

In this paper we explore relationships between corruption perceptions and such characteristics as the size of shadow … countries. It is shown that irrespective of whether the economy is developed or transitional, negative dependence of corruption … the shadow economy passes 45%, the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index ceases to respond to growth of …

The paper investigates how efficiency of business environment and corruption (informal payments and state capture … corruption activities at the firm-level and firm ownership. We find somehow surprising results that private firms (domestic and … foreign owned firms that are involved in informal payments are likely to benefit from these corruption practices. On the other …

in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are … regulations are the driving forces of the shadow economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption … ; regulation ; MIMIC and other estimation methods …

economy reduces corruption in high-income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various … estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated …

economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various … estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated …

corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated … economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …