services. No procuring municipality committed to a standard auction format or to an explicit scoring rule. Political identity …

procurer's cost as explained by auction format is found …

This paper contrasts two auction formats often used in public procurement: first price auctions with ex-post screening … analysis reveals that their ranking is ambiguous in terms of revenues, but the average bid auction is typically less efficient …

- that an intransparent negotiation yields a higher buyer surplus than a transparent auction for a range of parameters. In …