This is an experimental assignment undertaken for the ILO to try to estimate the order of magnitude of the profits from forced labour and human trafficking. The paper's main finding is that global profits made from forced labourers exploited by private agents or enterprises could reach US$ 44.2...

This Essay responds to an article by Hila Shamir previously published in the UCLA Law Review, in which she suggests that human rights has failed as a framework for addressing human trafficking and that instead a labor model would be more successful. Although her article identifies potentially...

The Anti-trafficking Protocol reflects the interests of the major powers. Due to the high costs of compliance, countries will strategically select certain obligations to comply, which can satisfy the major powers with smaller costs. Among the three main obligations of the Protocol - prevention,...

The paper analyses the development of trafficking in human beings (THB) as an economic crime and as a severe violation of human rights by focusing on the different actors' involved in counter-trafficking efforts. The paper outlines how the crime evolved in Austria, Germany and the United States...

This article aims to fill the gap in the academic literature on the application of a rights based approach to the issue of human trafficking in Mongolia. A rights based approach is adopted to determine the international legal obligations of Mongolia to combat human trafficking under...

The response to the trafficking of women is primarily dominated by the discourse of criminal law both internationally and nationally. By contrast, in the refugee law context, women are constructed as victims in a ‘culturally relative', patriarchal society. This paper explores the tensions...