This publication examines the innovation system in pharmaceutical biotechnology in eight OECD countries - Belgium …, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain. The report summarises the results of in-depth studies …, providing a comparative analysis of participating countries' performance in science and innovation in biopharmaceuticals. It …

Background: The paper examines the regional effects of a general innovation policy, i.e. a policy tool that does not … target specific industries or subnational regions. General policy tools are an important part of the portfolio of innovation …, irrespective of their size, sector and location. Findings: The economic geography and innovation study literature, as well as the …

The concept of triple helix (TH) cooperation was introduced about two decades ago, as a method of enhancing innovation … networks. The purpose of this paper is to test the public role in TH efforts in Norway. This paper therefore poses the … following question: What is the public sector's role in network development and cooperation in Norway when the initiative is …

Building upon insights from earlier investigations of innovation collaboration from a regional perspective as well as … the triple helix perspective, local/regional innovation systems and open innovation approaches, this study explores … whether cooperation between firms, universities and government increases the intensity of innovation equally for the capital …