German Abstract: Art. 11 AEUV verlangt von den Organen der Europäischen Union, dass sie die Erfordernisse des Umweltschutzes bei der Festlegung und Durchführung der Unionspolitiken und -maßnahmen insbesondere zur Förderung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung einbeziehen. Dieses Kohärenzgebot...

The European Union has established an almost complete system of protection of intellectual property, in part by harmonizing the laws of its Member States, in part by creating its own titles of unitary protection, in the fields of trade marks, designs and patents even by both harmonization and...

To the difference of trademarks and designs, protection of patents in Europe essentially rests on national law only. The 'European patent' as granted by the European Patent Organization through the European Patent Office, while internationally uniform as to the conditions of the grant,...

Technological progress generally is not disruptive but sequential. Innovations build on prior innovations, typically by presenting improvements or complements. Under patent law, such follow-on innovation meets with an obstacle if the use of the invention underlying it infringes a prior patent,...