women born in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s will enter old age without a marriage that qualifies them for Social Security … single black women live in poverty. People quality for Social Security based either on their work record or their marital … status. Most older women receive noncontributory Social Security spouse of widow benefits on the basis of their marital …

increase in the likelihood of being divorced of 11.7 percent at ten years of marriage. For people between the ages of 35 and 55 …

, the Social Security law entitled divorcees to claim auxiliary benefits on their ex-spouse's record only if the marriage … "eligible" marriage to ten years. Following the passage of the law, we find that the divorce rate at nine years of marriage … ten years of marriage. We also find no evidence that the new claim on future Social Security benefits affected divorced …

Same-sex marriage became legal nationwide in the United States on June 26, 2015. Federal legalization of same …-sex marriage expands the pool of individuals potentially eligible for spousal Social Security benefits to the estimated 4 percent … potential impact of the expansion of marriage rights to same-sex couples on Social Security. We primarily use data from the 2011 …

find that a small portion of women delay their retirement whereas the rest substitute into alternative social security …

the separate effects of equal opportunities for women in the labor market and improved contraception on female education …