The impact of the U.S. bilateral tax treaty system on inbound and outbound foreign direct investment arguably is more important than the effect of U.S. domestic law on foreign direct investment. However, the tax treaty process lacks comprehensive examination of general economic and specific...

Viewing the development of the standard international tax neutrality discussion as being historically fairly limited because Musgrave's conclusions, rather than basic definitions, served as the undisputed baseline, in a previous article I reconsidered the classic international tax neutrality...

Tax policy in general and international income tax policy in particular has long been a subject of discussion and argument by tax philosophers, economists, and lawyers. Theories have often been introduced to support the establishment of new tax systems, to justify existing ones, or to call for...

This article examines the potential conflict between thin capitalization rules and the OECD Model article on non-discrimination using the New Zealand regime exempli gratia. It is discriminatory to impose a higher tax burden on an enterprise funded with foreign capital. Yet that is the basis for...

The paper provides an analysis of the key practical issues to eliminate double taxation of business income in the Netherlands. Both the methods for relieving juridical double taxation and the methods for relieving economical double taxation (e.g. participation exemption regime) are adressed

This article begins by examining the relationship between thin capitalisation rules and double tax treaties. After examining the potential for a fundamental conflict in this area it looks at the OECD's attempts to resolve the problem (in section 2). In sections 3 and 4, the article examines the...

The issue of General Anti-Avoidance Rules and treaties is a legal problem as old as double tax conventions themselves. However, the BEPS Project, materialized in 15 Actions and particularly in the Final Report of BEPS Actions 6, involves a radical change in the very physiognomy of the problem....

This paper analyzes the differences in legal nature between the common law concept of Agency and the civil law concept of Commissionaire in light of articles 5(5) and 5(6) of the OECD Model Tax Convention. The author contradicts the idea of interpreting the civil law concept of Commissionaire is...