Policy work in both the United States and the European Union is underway on how best to structure border carbon adjustments (BCA) mechanisms to protect the competitiveness of domestic industries while these enterprises make investments in reducing their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—thereby...

The Paris Agreement is the first treaty under the global climate regime to mention ‘climate justice’ as a concept. Given this unprecedented legal turn of the concept, the article reports a sociolegal study of climate justice, framing and assessing the substantive policy issues arising from...

This chapter reviews the current status of and prospects for efforts to include emissions from deforestation (and international forest carbon activities in general) in emerging greenhouse gas compliance regimes at the international level; future iterations of the European Union Emissions Trading...

On November 4, 2019, the United States confirmed its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The Agreement, which is often cited as the only effective institutional solution to climate change, has been judged an overall success. As such, the United States’ withdrawal was a...

Border tax adjustments (BTAs) may be able to alleviate concerns of reduced competitiveness for countries introducing environmental taxes and standards, while limiting the risk of companies relocating to developing countries to exploit lax environmental regimes - known as leakage. However, the...