terminate poorly performing managers. This finding is consistent with our hypothesis that governance problems in private firms … performing managers. Comparing private firms to their public counterparts, we find that private firms have a lower propensity to … replace poorly performing managers than public firms do and that public firms' exposure to capital market forces (the market …

In this study, we empirically test “quiet life hypothesis,” which predicts that managers who are subject to weak … behaviors and the results indicate that entrenched managers who are insulated from disciplinary power of stock market avoid … making difficult decisions such as large investments and business restructures. However, when managers are closely monitored …