For a long time it has been commonly perceived that the decisions of the European Commission appraising mergers have, for many reasons, not been fully subjected to substantive judicial review. However, this familiar criticism now seems to have been partly addressed by recent developments, for...

This article examines the legal principles that have been laid down by Pakistan's Superior Courts as regards the necessity of having sufficient reasons in an arbitration award. It highlights the finer aspects of jurisprudence of Pakistan's domestic arbitration law whereby it is expected of an...

150,000 human beings slaughtered; 200,000 women raped; thousands of limbs amputated; countless children forced to kill their own parents, forced into sexual slavery, and forced into the battlefields; and 2.6 million persons displaced. These are just some of the gruesome realities of an unforgiving war...

This paper examines the current role of the Court of Justice of the Andean Community (CJAC), in the settlement of investment disputes between foreign investors and host states. It also embarks on a prospective analysis of the role that CJAC could have on the resolution of such conflicts, in the...

The article analyses the fundamental premises of the differentiation between substantive and procedural rules in private international law and arbitration. The author opens the paper with the general differentiation between substantive and procedural rules and the reasons for such...

When an arbitrator in an institutional arbitration is challenged for lacking independence or impartiality, most of the time parties will not be provided a reasoned decision explaining the success or failure of the challenge. Recently, however, the London Court of International Arbitration has...

This paper analyses the role of third parties in the enforcement of the Foreign Subsidy Regulation (FSR). It focuses on competitors, customers, and suppliers – market participants directly affected by distortive foreign subsidies – as a special form of third parties.Third parties might have...

Defining competences in EU law has always been problematic, notwithstanding the inclusion since the Treaty of Maastrict of the principle of conferred powers as central to the constitutional character of the EU. Under the principle of conferral, the Union only has those powers actually conferred...