Purpose: This paper aims to outline the argument for social outcomes as an objective for Islamic banks and investigate whether social failure exists in Islamic banking in Indonesia by assessing it against this performance dimension. Design/methodology/approach: Content analysis of the annual...

Purpose: The study aims to extend the conventional triple bottom line (TBL) framework (prosperity, people and planet) to the quadruple bottom line (QBL) by newly adding a “prophet” dimension for Islamic banks seeking compliance with Islamic law in their pursuit of sustainability....