This paper estimates the effect of having children on labor force participation of mothers in urban Iranian areas. I … exploit sex composition of children as an exogenous source of variation in family size to account for endogeneity of fertility … with one and more, two and more, and three and more children, I find no significant effect of fertility on female labor …

and services. To reduce child marriage, which has long-run negative effects on the development of children, policymakers …

, higher returns to male children's human capital, and higher costs of raising male children are hypothesized to explain this … show that a different institutional setting may make men respond to their children's gender differently. We study men …'s income in a dotal society, Iran, where families were expected to provide dowry for their marrying daughters. We show that, in …

and services. To reduce child marriage, which has long-run negative effects on the development of children, policymakers …