a subset of the EMU, to evaluate the impact of various permanent tax changes. The first set of experiments considers a … targeted one percentage point reduction in the government deficit-to-GDP ratio through raising one of: the consumption tax, the … labor income tax, or the capital income tax. In terms of welfare, the consumption tax is found to be the least costly of the …

We examine the revenue and redistributive effects of tax policy reforms in twelve European countries over the decade … wage growth and progressivity of the tax system determined the fiscal leeway which governments could use to reduce income … of the examined countries in the CEE region led to increases in tax progressivity, their income tax systems continue to …