In this paper, the author argues that compulsory licenses might potentially amount to indirect expropriation provided that their effects constitute a severe curtailment of the patent rights. Inasmuch as the expropriation standards in BIAs differ from those articulated under the TRIPS Agreement,...

This article reports on a study of potential systemic bias in the resolution of ambiguous legal issues by investment treaty arbitrators. It outlines tentative but significant findings that the arbitrators in general tended to favour (a) foreign investors over states in general, (b) foreign...

States across Asia have long engaged in international investment treaty making, and to a lesser extent in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) proceedings. Engagement has intensified partly as bilateral investment treaties (BITs) proliferated especially from the 1990s, but also Asian states...

As part of the larger debate on the legitimacy of the international investment regime, our study of 117 dissents and 87 dissenting arbitrators finds no significant correlation between the nationality of the dissenters, their gender, or appointment by the investor or the State, and the number of...

This article argues from a commercial standpoint that the United Kingdom should include Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) in the new International Investment Agreements (IIAs) which it concludes following its departure from the European Union. Focusing on the procedure of ISDS rather than...

Many investment agreements include intellectual property (IP) in the definition of ‘covered investment' or ‘asset'. Until recently, what this means in practice has not been the centre of any significant dispute. Now some IP right holders are challenging domestic intellectual property law...

Not all that long ago, diplomatic protection was the most efficient mechanism to resolve disputes arising out of an investment. Although today the prevalence for the resolution of investment disputes has shifted to investment arbitration, diplomatic protection has still maintained certain...

The most controversial issues regarding EU international investment agreements are, on the one hand, the actual extent of the EU's exclusive external competence over international investments and, on the other, the opportunity to include investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) clauses in these...

This is a book review of a research monograph Arbitrating Brands. In it, the author reviews the contributions of Dr Potocnik and her analysis of trade marks and brands as investment assets. The Philip Morris v Urugay and Philips Morris v Australia cases brought urgency to a better understanding...