The non-interest income banks generate from their off-balance-sheet activities contributes greatly to the volatility of their operating revenues. Using Canadian data, we apply a modified Hausman procedure based on higher moments instruments and revisit this phenomenon to establish that the share...

The Canadian banking system is considered one of the “best” in the world (Bordo et al., 2011). To examine this question we compare the risk-return trade-off of Canadian and U.S. banks in the context of market-based banking. We find that the sources of non-traditional income are actually more...

Data suggest a change in banks' performance attributable to a greater involvement in non-traditional activities. Indeed, market-oriented banking increases banks' accounting returns at the cost of a higher volatility in financial results. The motivation of this paper is to study how bank product...

This paper uses panel data to assess the investment-cash flow sensitivity of non financial firms, as a function of their degree of financial health. The splitting criterion used to categorize firms is a financial stress indicator, the Z-score, which is a contemporaneous indicator inversely...

Data suggest that the Canadian financial structure, and particularly indirect finance (e.g., banking), have become more market-oriented. We associate this financial trend in part with the regulatory changes that have occurred in Canada since the 1980s. Financial intermediaries are increasingly...