of modern challenges. First of all, equating investor-State arbitration with depoliticisation of investment disputes …, leaving the dispute otherwise unchanged. Secondly, one critique of investment arbitration questions its adequacy for resolving …

review of recent legislation and practice shows that compulsory consolidation of arbitration is fading nowadays world-widely … compulsory consolidation of arbitration by the courts in some countries and regions. In practice, courts usually justify their … decisions on three major grounds. However, compulsory consolidation of arbitration in essence is in violation of major …

The choice to pursue international arbitration and adjudication is part of a political bargaining process. Since … only jointly agree to arbitration or adjudication when the expected outcome of such a process does not diverge …

The call for more efficient proceedings has been on the agenda in international commercial arbitration for quite a … while. However, in investment arbitration the topic has so far received little attention. This article attempts to delineate … arbitration. It then goes on to analyze the effectiveness of recent efficiency improvements to arbitration rules frequently used …

of the South Pars block which is the world's second biggest gas field situated in the Persian Gulf. It is expected that … expropriation of its property rights in investment by bringing an arbitration proceedings against the Iranian government and … international arbitration pursuant to arbitration rules of ICSID, ICC and UNCITRAL. This article exemplifies the dispute resolution …

There are at least two views within investment arbitration about how to respond to legitimation problems associated …-understandings of actors operating within investment arbitration, this paper takes up systems theory as a heuristic for assessing the … global standards by embracing World Trade Organization Appellate Body decision making; and third, the hesitant embrace of …

“straw that breaks the camel's back” and damage the system of investment arbitration. The author, first of all, points out … the challenges faced by small claimants in bringing an investment arbitration claim against a State, which mostly concern … the costs of investment arbitration. With respect to those obstacles, the author then introduces some methods to overcome …