Firms with higher board independence, smaller boards, and lower expected managerial entrenchment, have lower cash holdings. We find that the positive association between cash holdings and managerial entrenchment is mitigated by stronger board structures. Specifically, in firms with higher...

Divestitures have the potential to create shareholder value. However, the magnitude of the wealth effect depends on the likelihood of finding more valuable uses for the divested assets and the seller's ability to eliminate negative synergies. Strong performers should have less scope to benefit...

Extant research argues that borrowing from financial intermediaries subjects managers to external monitoring. However, given managers' flexibility in choosing the type of debt financing, why would managers submit themselves to external monitoring? Recent theory points to the role of managerial...

This research separates out the incentive and entrenchment effects of executive pay and uses it to test if the agency cost is that of underinvestment or overinvestment. I find that investments increase with dollar value of stock and options owned by the CEO but decrease with percentage of shares...

We develop a dynamic investment options framework with optimal capital structure and analyze the effect of debt maturity. We find that in the absence of financing constraints short-term debt maximizes firm value. In contrast with most literature results, in the absence of constraints, higher...

This study aims to investigate how firm, industry, macroeconomic and institutional factors influence a firm's debt maturity structure decisions across nine African countries. We consider a sample of 986 non-financial firms over a period of 10 years (1999-2008). We specify panel data models that...

The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the role of firm- industry-, institutional-, and macroeconomic-factors on a firm's capital structure decision in the context of nine African countries. To this end, we consider a sample of 986 non-financial firms over a period of 10 years...

This paper compares funding structure, financial facilities, and evolution of roles and activities of Export-Import Banks (EXIMs) in six Asian economies -- Japan, Korea, Taiwan of China (hereinafter referred as Taiwan), India, Thailand, and China. It examines the similarities and differences...

While the paper touches upon the experience of most transition economies in Eastern and Central Europe, it focuses on the creation and functioning of capital market development in four countries in the region, namely, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. Capital market in these four...

This paper examines the evolvement, categories, legal basis, operating characteristics, and key concerns of credit guarantee schemes (CGSs) in China. It aims at providing background note on China's CGS as well as useful references for the sustainable development of China's CGS