the NYSE - to estimate the cost of banking panics in an era before “too big to fail.” The bank statements allow me to … that the consumption loss associated with National Banking Era bank runs was far more costly than the consumption loss from …

bank tax, and the U.S. administration has revived its own proposal for such a charge. This paper considers the structure … for taxing bank borrowing, perhaps as an adjunct to minimum capital requirements, at marginal rates that rise quite … higher than those of the bank taxes so far adopted or proposed …

economic downturns but also incur an efficiency loss. Bank capital requirements can prevent the formation of banking bubbles by …