-out unit, a so-called bad bank. The key element of the plan is the valuation of troubled assets at their current market value … recapitalize the good bank by taking an equity stake in it. In extreme cases, this would mean a takeover of the bank by the …. A clear emphasis that the government stake is temporary would also be necessary. The government would cover the bad bank …

to fail. Failure of a bank may trigger formal insolvency (resolution) proceedings, if there is no available option to … save it as a going concern. Bank insolvency proceedings comprise various mechanisms, instruments, and transactions to … enable resolution authorities to properly deal with a failed bank. Bank restructuring within insolvency proceedings means …

The inability of most bank merger studies to control for hidden bailouts may …

represent exogenous shocks to the (initially non-distressed) acquiring bank. We find that in the years after a distressed merger … acquiring bank and not by real economic contagion …