Economic growth in Russia in the first decade of this century almost doubled the country's GDP but was accompanied by … substantial reallocation of labor to the unregulated sector while formal employment was on gradual decline. The paper overviews … employment and earnings as well as the associated political economy challenges and consequences …

and Russia is investigated using micro-data for 2002, 2013, and 2018. Estimated logit models indicate that, in both …, being female. We find that seniors in urban Russia are more likely to work for earnings than their counterparts in China … much stronger negative association with earnings in urban China than in urban Russia. This is consistent with the facts …

We empirically deconstruct informal employment in China into private business owners and casual workers without job … contracts. Survey data from 2007 and 2013 document a rise in informal employment to the point where it exceeds formal employment … vulnerable groups, so the growth of casual employment is particularly concerning. There are indications that running small …

Even though informal employment is wide-spread in transition economies the literature on this phenomenon in the region … is rather scarce. For policy makers it is important to know the incidence and the determinants of informal employment. In … employment and self-employment. …

Even though informal employment is wide-spread in transition economies the literature on this phenomenon in the region … is rather scarce. For policy makers it is important to know the incidence and the determinants of informal employment … employment and self-employment …

Even though informal employment is wide-spread in transition economies the literature on this phenomenon in the region … is rather scarce. For policy makers it is important to know the incidence and the determinants of informal employment. In … employment and self-employment …

Even though informal employment is wide-spread in transition economies the literature on this phenomenon in the region … is rather scarce. For policy makers it is important to know the incidence and the determinants of informal employment. In … employment and self-employment. …