This is the internet appendix for "How Aggressive are High-Frequency Traders". The paper "How Aggressive are High-Frequency Traders" to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: "http://ssrn.com/abstract=2326446" http://ssrn.com/abstract=2326446

We consider the effects of quantitative easing on the liquidity of the Swedish government bonds. To capture multiple dimensions of liquidity we use several measures built on a unique and highly granular transaction-based dataset. We find that the Riksbank's purchases of government bonds improved...

Purpose: The importance of online reviews on online hotel booking has been widely acknowledged. However, not all online reviews affect consumers equally. Compared with common online reviews, key online reviews (KORs) have a greater influence on consumers' decisions and online hotel booking....

This study investigates a novel challenge within the digital economy: scrounging, which entails the exploitation of false identities to capitalize on benefits offered by digital platforms, such as sales promotions and new user incentives. As a form of fraud, scrounging can substantially affect...