bank issues covered bonds backed by a pool of assets that is bankruptcy remote and replenished following losses …. Encumbering assets allows a bank to raise cheap secured debt and expand profitable investment, but it also concentrates risk on …

Bank leverage ratios have made an impressive and largely unopposed return; they are mostly used alongside risk …-weighted capital requirements. The reasons for this return are manifold, and they are not limited to the fact that bank equity levels … straightforward real estate loans. Bank leverage ratios are primarily seen as a microprudential measure that intends to increase bank …

2007-2009. The fear is that if a big bank gets into trouble, its problems will infect other financial institutions and … there are huge complexities at almost every level. What is “big?” How big is too big? What is a “bank?” What kinds of risk …-taking are appropriate for a bank – and why? What do we know about the costs and benefits of different strategies? This paper …

benefits, return reactions are muted if the reclassification helps a bank avoid regulatory capital reductions. In contrast, the …

imperfectly elastic supply of bank equity stemming from financial market segmentation. In our model, equity is costly and serves … and the design of bank stress testing …

This paper examines the impact of charter type, holding company structure, and measures of bank fragility on the … likelihood of a bank bailout or failure during the late 2000s financial crisis. The empirical results indicate that established … brokered deposits, and held a relatively large portfolio of real estate loans. In addition, bank failure was more likely for …