The reason for extending the Value Added Tax (VAT) to the services sector in China is not sufficiently powerful. Just looking at the services sector, substituting the sales tax with a VAT gives rise to many difficulties in terms of system design and implementation, and the possible problems may...

Along with the official replacing of Business Tax with value-added Tax (VAT) for some business sectors in Shanghai's pilot zone, the issue of VAT reform has attracted widespread attention from the public. This paper will first outline the basic concept of VAT, and then briefly elaborate on the...

China's tax system is characterized by the co-existence of formal taxes, sundry levies and hidden taxes. In China, multiple authorities with tax law making powers and tax administration powers exist. This leads to issues of tax jurisdiction and tax compliance such as differential treatment...

"High carbon model" a serious constraint on China's future development, "low carbon economy" will become an important breakthrough in China's construction of "ecological civilization." The carbon tax is important part of environmental tax, and environmental tax is also known as the ecological...

The Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao hosted the State Council conference on the 1st March (2011), discussing and passing the Draft Individual Income Tax Law Amendment (‘Amendment'). The ‘Amendment' outlines changes that should be made as a part of the individual income tax reform suggesting that...

This Handbook entry presents a conceptual, normative overview of the subject of taxation. It emphasizes the relationships among the main functions of taxation—notably, raising revenue, redistributing income, and correcting externalities—and the mapping between these functions and various...

No other New England state is as vulnerable to Zappers as is the State of Massachusetts. Zappers and related software programming, Phantom-ware, facilitate an old tax fraud – skimming cash receipts. In this instance skimming is performed with modern electronic cash registers (ECRs). Zappers...

Zappers skim cash sales at retail. Zappers are add-on programs used by merchants with electronic cash registers (ECRs) or point-of-sale (POS) systems. Zappers are smart and selective. They do not skim all sales, and they never skim credit card transactions. Although they are present in every...