Trade, foreign direct investment and the existence of multinational enterprises are often analyzed in separate model, which are frequently based on mutually exclusive assumptions. The paper integrates several features of international economic exchange into one general equilibrium model. This...

Computerbesitzer kombinieren Komplementärguter zu einem Computersystem. Mit dem Computersystem möchten sie Daten mit anderen Nachfragern und zwischen verschiedenen Applikationen austauschen. Aus diesen Interdependenzen ergeben sich drei verschiedene Netzwerkeffekte, die im Rahmen eines...

This study analytically shows that a VER serves as an institution to protect incumbent firms of an exporting country. A VER is an entry barrier in the export market. It favours the concentration of industry, and allows established firms to better exploit economies of scale by producing output at...

The financial needs of corporations are generally met by borrowing in financial markets and equity participation of investors. In a similar way countries are able to obtain necessary external financing through international loans or by attracting foreign direct investment. In the case of...

Environmental norms seem to be on the upsurge everywhere. Norm-orientation is, however, neglected in neoclassical economics which is fixed on homo economicus as the model of human behaviour. The paper addresses the question whether homo economicus needs to give way to a norm-oriented concept in...

The Marshall/Lerner condition is examined in a context in which full account is taken of the intertemporal optimizing conditions inherent in the balance of payments. This analysis suggests that the condition has only a very limited significance.

In den Erklärungsansätzen der strategischen Handelspolitik kann der Einsatz handelspolitischer Instrumente, bei unvollkommener Konkurrenz auf internationalen Märkten, zu gesamtwirtschaftlichen Gewinnen für ein Land führen (vgl. Brander, Spencer, 1983, 1985). Dagegen wird eine Vielzahl von...

The paper derives a valuation formula for the real option of a firm to undertake an irreversible investment in a foreign economy based on the endogenous dynamics of a stochastic macroeconomic framework with sluggish price adjustment. The option valuation formula is implemented to analyze the...