Iran based on a weighted average of other Middle East and North Africa ("MENA") and Organization of the Petroleum Exporting … (‘OPEC’) countries. The synthetic Iran matches the average level of key pre-revolution life expectancy correlates and the …

Iran, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). The author explains how the MARD transformed rural Iran … under the Shah by developing and guarding capitalism in rural Iran. Through land reform it created a new class of allies for … the Shah. It was instrumental in the destruction of Iran's agriculture, making it dependent on foreign imports. It …