The G20 brings together leaders of the twenty systemically most important economies to discuss global issues in an informal setting. As a network it does not have the formal decision-making procedures and rules of procedure that characterize traditional international organizations, and its...

The GATS preamble already highlights the inevitable conflict between on the one hand achieving progressively higher levels of liberalization of trade in services in order to expand trade in services and promote growth, and on the other hand the right to introduce new regulation to meet national...

In recent years, there has been a surge in the conclusion of regional trade agreements (‘RTAs') by the European Union with trading partners across the world. These RTAs have gradually become more elaborate and substantive, thereby liberalising inter alia certain aspects of trade in services....

This authoritative Research Handbook presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the most important research and latest trends in EU Energy Law and Policy. It offers high-quality original contributions that provide state-of-the-art research in this rapidly evolving area, situated...

An increasing number of fora and networks have been recognised to play a role in international or transnational normative processes. While lawmaking by formal, intergovernmental international organizations received abundant attention over the past years, we know less about a phenomenon that this...

Traditional international law and its instruments are stagnating both in terms of quantity and quality. New, alternative forms of cross-border cooperation, in particular processes of informal international lawmaking, have emerged and gained prominence since the 2000s in response to an...

In this report, the inherent tension between regulatory autonomy and trade liberalisation is addressed with a focus on trade in services. Therefore, this report examines in detail what is meant by the term ‘(constraints on) regulatory autonomy' in trade law literature and develops five...

Over the past decades, but especially since the 2008 global financial crisis, there has been a proliferation as well as an intensification of international regulatory processes regarding the activities of banks: this goes from the work of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision on prudential...

Human rights and democratic governance have gained a central position on the EU's development cooperation agenda. The paper clarifies how the notion of integrating human rights in development cooperation has been operationalized in EU policy, with emphasis on recent initiatives. New policy...